Browsing by Author "Jankowski, Tomasz"

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    Are internal dialogues in young adults influenced by mother-father incongruence in parental attitudes assessed retrospectively?
    (ReKUL, 2019-01-10) Puchalska-Wasyl, Małgorzata; Jankowski, Tomasz
    According to the goodness-of-fit model of psychosocial functioning, if environmental expectations are consonant with an individual's predispositions, that person will present more adaptive functioning. Parents are the first exponents of social requirements, expressed not only verbally but also nonverbally, in the form of parental attitudes. According to dialogical self theory, parents’ attitudes are reflected in their offspring’s dialogical self as the I–positions of the father and the mother. In the case of incongruence between the parents in these attitudes, an external conflict is introduced into the self. Difficulties in resolving this conflict may result in an experience of uncertainty that stimulates a person to engage in internal dialogues (IDs). In this context we posed the hypothesis that the greater the incongruence between mother’s and father’s parental attitudes, as assessed retrospectively by the child, the greater is the intensity of IDs in adult offspring’s life. One hundred and seventy-six young adults (92 female and 84 male), aged between 20 and 32 years participated in the study. We applied two methods of assessment: the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale and the Questionnaire of Retrospective Assessment of Parental Attitudes. To verify our hypothesis, we conducted a response survey analysis. The results have shown that the more the mother rejects and the less she protects, and the more the father accepts and the more he is overprotective, the greater is the intensity of IDs. Our findings are discussed in light of the broader literature on parental attitudes and IDs.
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    Therapeutic Relationship and Professional Burnout in Psychotherapists: A structural Equation Model Approach
    (2021) Zarzycka, Beata; Jankowski, Tomasz; Krasiczyńska, Barbara
    Objective Previous studies on the therapists’ burnout have focused on individual and environmental risk factors. This study aimed to analyze whether variables reflecting the quality of relationship with clients—relational depth and quality of the therapeutic interaction—can be related to psychotherapist burnout. Four alternative path models were examined. Method A total of 101 humanistic-experiential psychotherapists, aged between 29 and 86 years, participated in the research. The Relational Depth Frequency Scale, the Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship, the Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Link Burnout Questionnaire were applied to the research. Results The results showed that relational depth and therapeutic quality correlated negatively with psychotherapist burnout. Relational depth is the main predictor of psychological well-being and psychotherapist burnout through its effect on therapeutic quality. Conclusion The experiences of relational depth, primarily of person-centered therapists, have positive psychological potential in predicting lower professional burnout.