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The Repository collects scientific achievements of employees and doctoral students of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. The purpose of the repository is dissemination of the scientific achievements of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, promoting conducted scientific research and supporting didactic activities. The repository collects, stores and shares digital documents in the form of books, scientific articles, scientific journals, conference materials, didactic materials etc.

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Noah in the Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 89:1-9)
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Drawnel, Henryk
The Aramaic description of the flood in 1 En. 89:1–9 has survived in two fragments from Qumran (4Q206 frg. 8 I and frg. 9), which contain a shorter text than the Ethiopic translation. This article is an analysis of the presentation of the figure of Noah in the longer version of the Ethiopic Animal Apocalypse in the context of the Ethiopic Book of Enoch and in relation to Mesopotamian traditions associated with the flood. After being told the secret about the flood by a “man” (an angel), Noah, the white bull, works as a carpenter and builds a huge boat. After the flood, transformed into a “man” (a supernatural figure in the symbolism of the Animal Apocalypse), he leaves his three sons. This description of Noah brings him closer to the main characters of the flood in Mesopotamian sources.
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Książę Mastema i jego armia w Księdze Jubileuszy
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Tronina, Antoni
Księgą Jubileuszy jest cennym świadectwem literatury „międzytestamentalnej” z okresu walk machabejskich o suwerenność religijną i narodową Izraela. Podjęty tutaj temat dotyczy unikalnego w literaturze określenia wodza złych duchów wyrażeniem „Książę Mastema”. „Mastema” jest nie tyle imieniem własnym, co raczej określeniem jego funkcji w świecie. „Władca wrogości” jest tu ukazany nie jako przeciwnik Boga, lecz jako dowódca armii złych duchów, która w czasach ostatecznych stoczy walkę z duchami wiernymi Bogu. The Book of Jubilees is a valuable testimony of the “intertestamental” literature from the time of the Maccabean struggles for the religious and national sovereignty of Israel. The topic under discussion concerns the term which describes the leader of the evil spirits as “Prince Mastema.” “Mastema” is not so much a personal name, but rather a designation of function in the world. The term “Lord of Hostility” is not presented here as an opponent of God, but rather as the commander of an army of evil spirits that will wage war against God-faithful spirits in the end times.
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Egzorcyzm w Apokryfie Księgi Rodzaju (1Q20ar) na tle demonologii Starego i Nowego Testamentu
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Kardyś, Wojciech
W Apokryfie Księgi Rodzaju (1Q20ar) pojawia się opowiadanie zawierające opis egzorcyzmu (kol. 20). Poproszono Abrahama, aby uwolnił faraona nękanego przez „ducha zarazy”. Tenże, stając się egzorcystą, sprawił, że demon został przegnany. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie tego opowiadania na tle biblijnych tekstów demonologicznych. Po ukazaniu postaci złego ducha i jego aktywności w 1Q20ar omówione zostało zagadnienie obecności demonów w Piśmie św. (zły duch szkodzący faraonowi najbardziej przypomina „ducha kłamstwa” z 1 Krl 22,19-22 oraz szatana Księgi Hioba). Opisany jest również przebieg egzorcyzmu w apokryfie i środki zastosowane przez Abrahama, a następnie przegląd egzorcyzmów w Starym i Nowym Testamencie. Okazuje się, że opowiadanie o wypędzeniu demona w 1Q20ar odbiega od tego, jaki znamy z Księgi Tobiasza, oraz od opisów obecnych w Ewangeliach. W podsumowaniu dochodzimy do przekonania, że mimo pewnych podobieństw w tym zakresie opowiadanie w 1Q20ar zachowuje swój oryginalny i nieporównywalny charakter. Być może stanowi swoisty pomost między „powściągliwą” demonologią Starego Testamentu a bardziej rozwiniętą nauką o złych duchach w Nowym Testamencie. In the Genesis Apocryphon (1Q20ar), there is a story containing a description of an exorcism (col. 20). In that text, Abraham is asked to free Pharaoh who is plagued by a “spirit of pestilence”. By becoming an exorcist, the patriarch causes the demon to be banished. The aim of the article is to show this story against the background of biblical demonological texts. After presenting the figure of the evil spirit and its activity in 1Q20ar, the issue of the presence of demons in the Holy Scriptures is discussed (the evil spirit that harms Pharaoh most resembles the “lying spirit” from 1 Kings 22:19–22 and Satan from the Book of Job). The course of exorcism in the apocryphon and the means used by Abraham are also described, followed by a review of exorcisms in the Old and New Testaments. It turns out that the story about the expulsion of the demon in 1Q20ar differs from the one found in the Book of Tobit and in the descriptions present in the Gospels. In recapitulation, the conclusion is reached that despite some similarities in this field, the story in 1Q20ar retains its original and incomparable character. Perhaps it is a form of bridge between the “restrained” demonology of the Old Testament and the more developed doctrine of evil spirits in the New Testament.
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The Apocalyptic Character of the Testament of Moses
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Parchem, Marek
The document entitled Testament of Moses takes the form of a farewell speech inspired by the Book of Deuteronomy, addressed by Moses before his death to Joshua. The original document, dating from the time of the Maccabees (mid-2nd century BC), was rewritten and updated at the beginning of the first century AD. It is preserved in only one Latin manuscript from the sixth century. The Latin text is a translation from Greek (ca. 5th century) which in turn is a translation of a text that was probably written in Hebrew. Although the Testament of Moses is dominated by a Deuteronomistic theology of history, its message focuses on determinism of an apocalyptic nature. Hence, the existing apocalyptic elements in the document play an important role, which is particularly highlighted by the eschatological hymn in Chapter 10, which shows many parallels with Dan 12:1–3. The eschatological events are portrayed as the time of the establishment of the kingdom of God and the annihilation of the devil. Before this happens, however, a variety of cataclysms of cosmic proportions and an intervention by God will occur, resulting in the final defeat of the forces of evil and the exaltation of Israel and its inclusion in a community with heavenly beings.
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Metaphtonymy of ἀστέρες πλανῆται in the Epistle of Jude 13 in the Light of the First Book of Enoch
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Muszytowska, Dorota
This article aims to elucidate the precise meaning of the expression ἀστέρες πλανῆται in the Epistle of Jude 13. The expression occurs within a series of metonymies (Jude 12–13) used by the author of the epistle to depict the wicked ( ἀσεβεῖς) who are under critique. Commentators highlight the challenge of interpreting the expressions appearing in those passages due to their metaphorical nature and the vagueness of their contextual origins. The metaphtonymy of ἀστέρες πλανῆται has been examined considering how metaphtonymy is defined in cognitive linguistics. Firstly, the sense resulting from the use of substitution (metonymy) was analysed. Attention was then given to the possible metaphorical meanings of the metonymy. Particular focus was given to the mechanisms of metaphor production, as the expression bears the characteristics of both a general metaphor, derived from experience, and a contextual metaphor, produced for a specific discourse. To characterise the domain of the expression within a given discourse, the Epistle of Jude was analysed as the primary context. Additionally, the First Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) was examined as a potential intertext that could reveal the mechanism of figurative language production in the expression ἀστέρες πλανῆται, as well as its meaning. The starting point was the assumption that there is a dependency relationship between Jude and the 1 Enoch. An analysis of the extant sources (Greek-language versions of 1 Enoch) has led to the conclusion that it is not possible to demonstrate hypoand hypertextual relationships for the expression ἀστέρες πλανῆται due to the lack of material evidence. An analysis of the meanings of the constituent expressions included in the metaphtonymy in question, as well as of the contexts in 1 Enoch, allows the conclusion that the authors of both texts and probably also the presumed primary recipients of the Epistle of Jude have a similar way of thinking and speaking. 1 Enoch makes it possible to better define both the use of this expression by the author of Epistle of Jude and understand the mechanism of figurative language production significantly influenced by the context of apocalyptic ideology.
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Obieg apokryfów Starego Testamentu w literaturze koptyjskiej
(Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Piwowarczyk, Przemysław
Artykuł stanowi przegląd apokryfów Starego Testamentu w języku koptyjskim. Na wstępie omawia problem natury i liczby apokryfów w kontekście egipskiego chrześcijaństwa, za punkt odniesienie przyjmując finalnie Clavis apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti. Część analityczna pokazuje, że kodeksy zawierające rękopisy apokryfów stanowiły margines produkcji książkowej w języku koptyjskim. Były on relatywnie dobrze reprezentowane do V w., ale następnie straciły na popularności, a jedynie poszczególne motywy znalazły miejsce w nowych kompozycjach – zwłaszcza homiliach. Także analiza zachowanych katalogów bibliotecznych i list książek na papirusach, ostrakach i inskrypcjach dowodzi praktycznej nieobecności apokryfów Starego Testamentu wśród lektur monastycznych. Część interpretacyjna wskazuje na monastycyzację chrześcijaństwa koptyjskiego i zacieśnienie kontroli biskupiej jako kluczowe czynniki spadku produkcji rękopisów z apokryfami. The article surveys the Old Testament Apocrypha in Coptic literature. After problematizing the nature and list of Apocrypha, specifically in the Egyptian context, it pragmatically uses Clavis apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti as a reference point. The analytic part shows that MSS containing Apocrypha constitute the very margin of the Coptic literary production. Such texts were relatively popular until the fifth century CE, but their popularity waned, and only some selected motifs were reworked in new compositions, mainly of homiletical nature. Moreover, the analysis of extant library catalogues and book lists on papyri, ostraca, and inscriptions proves the almost complete absence of Apocrypha, at least among the monastic readings. The interpretative part underlines the rise of the monasticization of Coptic Christianity and the tightening of episcopal control as crucial factors in the decline of apocryphal production.