Browsing by Author "Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena"

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    Between the text and the page: Żołtarz Dawidów in manuscript and print
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2016) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The objective of the paper is to argue against a common denotation for Walenty Wróbel's sixteenth-century translation of the Psalter into Polish and its printed version prepared by Andrzej Glaber. It is customary to treat Glaber's interventions into Wróbel's rendition as purely editorial and, in effect, consider the printed version of the Żołtarz to be the work of Wróbel. On the basis of Glaber's treatment of one syntactic phenomenon (the placement of the possessive pronoun in an NP), the paper shows that Glaber's involvement into Wróbel's text far exceeds what Glaber is usually credited with. Therefore, the paper claims that the two works –the manuscript and its printed edition –should be classified and discussed as distinct productions.
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    Do not Judge, Beware
    (Ukrainian Catholic University Press, 2022) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
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    English Equivalents of dicere in Prose Translations of Jerome’s Psalters
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2013) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    An examination of English prose translations of Jerome’s Psalter from OE to EMnE reveals that there are four relevant equivalents of the Latin verb dicere: cweðan, secgan > seien > say, tell and speak. In each period in the history of English the verb dicere is translated by a prototypical verb of saying but the prototypes change over time. In OE both cweðan and secgan were amply attested but it was the former that had the status of the prototype. The two verbs are continued in ME but the use of quēthen undergoes morphological and syntactic restrictions as a result of which seien takes over the status of the prototype and is used in all examined ME texts in all contexts. Similarly, in the EMnE translation seien is selected in thirty-four out of thirty-eight contexts, with the remaining four occurrences of dicere are rendered by tell and speak, which were quite frequently attested in the examined texts in the ME period but they were selected as equivalents of loqui, annuntiare, enarrare and narrare. Consistent selection of equivalents seems to characterise the traditional approach to biblical translation, which focuses on the form in the first place. This attitude results from the conviction that sacred texts convey their message not only via direct linguistic expression and is at the same time an expression of the translators’ reverence and respect for the sacred nature of the text they translated.
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    Familiarity and Favour: Towards Assessing Psalm Translations
    (Polska Akademia Nauk, Oddział w Katowicach, 2021) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    It is the objective of this paper to analyse selected English Renaissance translations of the Book of Psalms in the light of their reception. In particular, I intend to illustrate how a strong preference for a familiar rendition over a new one (regardless of its quality and status) showed itself in the textual composition of the most important book of the Anglican Church – the Book of Common Prayer. Discussion of the Psalm translation selected for the five successive versions of the Book of Common Prayer against the backdrop of the emergence of new renditions of the Psalms leads on to formulating a desideratum for sound methodology which would express the level of similarities between texts in mathematical terms and in this way objectivise assessments of Psalter renditions. The paper offers a preliminary attempt at such methodology by applying the cosine distance method. The obtained results need to be verified on a larger corpus of data, but they are promising enough to consider this method an important step towards assessing Psalm translations.
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    Feelings and form in King Alfred’s Psalter
    (Lingwistyczna Szkoła Wyższa w Warszawie, 2013) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The objective of the paper is to examine the syntax of the Experiencer verbs used in Old English prose translation of the Psalter and see how the constructions relate to the available range of types attested with the relevant verbs in the Old English period. The text of the Paris Psalter was examined in search of the verbs defined as Experiencers in the relevant literature. It turned out that the seventy-three occurrences of Experiencer verbs found in the text represent all major types of constructions in which Experiencer verbs were found in the Old English period. The most important finding of this paper is that the data from the Paris Psalter forced a re-examination of the traditional understanding of the term ‘Experiencer verb’ used with reference to Old English – from a cover term which subsumes the common properties of certain OE subjectless and impersonal constructions to what it really is – a semantically defined group of verbs which appear with an Experiencer argument.
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    High time to talk about noon
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2015) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The paper re-examines a well-known semantic change observed in the history of the English word noon. The received academic opinion is that the word originates from the Latin phrase nōna hora > nōna ‘the ninth hour’ and was originally used in the medieval context to denote the ninth hour of the day, i.e. about three o’clock p.m., and, by metonymy, also the prayer at the ninth hour of the day prescribed by The Rule of St Benedict. Due to the central role of The Rule of St Benedict in the organisation of daily monastic life in the Middle Ages, the Latin word nōna was borrowed into vernaculars of the countries which adopted The Rule. It appeared in Old English as nōn, in Middle Dutch as nōne, noene, in Old Saxon as nōn, nōna, in Middle Low German as nōna, etc. The available historical and etymological dictionaries of English date the beginning of change in the English word noon to the 12/13th century and claim that it was complete by the 14th century. In effect, the word started to denote ‘midday’ rather than ‘three o’clock p.m.’, and the change is traditionally associated with “anticipation of the ecclesiastical office or of a meal-hour.” The paper reassesses the strength of these assertions on the basis of an examination of the medieval system of time-keeping and the analysis of the monastic horarium, in particular the relationship between meal times and prayer times. It is shown that the explanation for the change put forward in the current sources relies on a misinformed view of medieval reality. I put forward an alternative explanation of the change, which is consonant both with the medieval system of time-keeping and with the monastic daily regime.
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    Między przekładem wiernym a parafrazą: Wpływ czynników socjolingwistycznych na dobór techniki tłumacza
    (AE Academic Publishing, 2018) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza tłumaczenia psałterza na język angielski dokonanego przez Richarda Rolle’a i polski przekład autorstwa Walentego Wróbla. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę czynników warunkujących wy­bór techniki tłumacza tekstu biblijnego. Poszczególne sekcje opisują kontekst socjolingwistyczny, w jakim tłumaczenia powstały, a także przedstawiają techniki zastosowane przez tłumaczy. Średniowieczny stosunek do tłumacze­nia tekstów świętych wydaje się mieć znikomy wpływ na wybór techniki przekładu. Stąd wniosek, że o stylu przekładu nie przesądza kontekst kulturowy, postrzegany jako stosunek do tłumaczenia tekstów świętych. Adresat wpłynął na ostateczną formę przekazywanego tekstu, choć w żaden sposób nie wpłynął on na dobór techniki przekładu. The aim of the article is to analyze two Psalter translations, translation by Rich­ ard Rolle into English, and by Walanty Wrobel into Polish, in order to deter­ mine factors which may have influenced the translator ’s choice of translation techniques. Sub­ sequent sections describe the sociolinguistic context of the times when the translations originated, the target lan­ guage, as well as translation techniques used to obtain the target text. Medieval attitudes towards translated texts seem to have had almost no influ­ ence on the choice of a translation tech­ nique; thus, the author draws an elicit assumption that the translation style had no correlation with the cultural context, understood as a special attitude towards religious texts. The addressee had an influence on the final shape of translation, but they did not influence specific translation techniques used to render the text.
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    New Light on the Psalter: A Rediscovered Manuscript of the Żołtarz and Its Consequences
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2022) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena; Klimek-Grądzka, Jolanta
    The objective of this paper is to bring to light an important early 16th-century Polish rendition of the Psalter, Żołtarz Dawidów, translated by Walenty Wróbel and prepared for print by Andrzej Glaber. We argue that in spite of its unique position in the line of Psalter translations into Polish, the Żołtarz has not received a comprehensive and exhaustive treatment. While some detailed issues have been diligently addressed by individual scholars, research on the Żołtarz has generally been overshadowed by Brückner’s (1902) pioneering study, to the extent that one of its two surviving manuscript copies has not received official recognition in the scholarly literature. In particular, alongside the Kórnik manuscript (from 1528) described by Brückner, there exists another 16th-century exemplar (1536), which has been in the possession of the Jagiellonian Library since 1928. Its rediscovery by the authors of the present paper has two important consequences. First of all, the Jagiellonian Żołtarz should become an object of study in its own right. Secondly, its existence requires a re-assessment of the current state of knowledge on the Żołtarz in the light of the data it contains.
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    O dwóch (nie)podobnych przekładach Psałterza
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2019) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przybliżenie dwóch przekładów łacińskiego Psałterza św. Hieronima: polskiego tłumaczenia z początku XVI w. i angielskiego z początku XVIII w. oraz ukazanie należnego im miejsca w historii przekładu Księgi Psalmów. Tekst ukazuje również ich dzieje: każdy z nich bowiem istnieje w dwóch odmiennych wersjach, a wiedza o nich (bądź o stopniu, w jakim się różnią) jest znikoma. W przypadku pierwszego z nich – Żołtarza Walentego Wróbla – wiemy o istnieniu obu wersji, jednak występujące między nimi różnice znacznie wykraczają poza interwencje edytorskie. Są tak rozległe, że należałoby mówić o tekście znanym z manuskryptu i o tekście drukowanym jako o dwóch tekstach: Wróbla i Wróbla-Glabera. O angielskim przekładzie Johna Carylla wiadomo jeszcze mniej, a istnienie wersji poprawionej nie zostało w literaturze przedmiotu zauważone. Mam nadzieję, że ta publikacja rzuca niezbędne światło na oba przekłady, oddając tym samym sprawiedliwość ich tłumaczom i redaktorom poprzez zasygnalizowanie zakresu ich pracy oraz wskazanie wartościowego kierunku badań.
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    OE Ditransitive Verbs of the NP + PP type: Visser’s Typology Revisited
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The paper is devoted to Old English prepositional ditransitive verbs of the NP+PP type and aims at re-examining Visser’s (1963-73) typology of OE ditransitives. It is shown that Visser’s classification is insufficient as it recognises only two types of NP+PP ditransitives, namely ACC+PP and DAT+PP, while OE data exhibit more than two variants of the NP+PP construction. In particular, OE prepositional ditransitive verbs fall into three basic types, corresponding to the three verbal Cases, i.e. ACC+PP, DAT+PP and GEN+PP. Additionally, the ACC+PP type falls into two subtypes differentiated by the Ѳ-role assignment to the two arguments so that the PP can either represent the Goal or the Theme argument. In effect, there are four types of prepositional ditransitives of the NP+PP type in OE. The types are derivable on theoretical grounds from the available Goal and Theme types, a fact which reveals that OE ditransitives do not constitute a haphazard set of attested combinations but they form a system governed by an underlying principle, namely the availability of an object type for a particular Ѳ-role is not tied up to a combination in which it appears but it is to be understood as a general availability of the object type in any ditransitive combination. This is to be understood as a property of the system of ditransitives rather than of a complementation pattern of a particular verb.
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    On the Canvas of the Psalter and the Psalter on the Canvas: In Praise of Interdisciplinarity
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2020) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The paper deals with a lost picture of King James II with his daughter, Princess Louisa Maria. They are portrayed with an open Psalter and the initial objective of my investigation was to figure out which Psalter version is presented in the portrait with a view to assessing the position of the Psalter translated in 1700 by John Caryll and David Nairne at James’s exiled court. In the course of the research it turned out that the available English accounts of the picture do not quote verbatim the passage supposedly visible in the portrait but instead silently translate a French description of the portrait, together with the French Psalm verse presented there. This discovery shifted the focus of the investigation towards setting the record straight with recourse to and in full appreciation of interdisciplinary.
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    On the Non-Existing Type of Clausal Ditransitives in Old English
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2009) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    Artykuł poświęcony jest odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w języku staroangielskim istnieje typ czasowników, którym towarzyszą dwa dopełnienia – jedno w postaci frazy rzeczownikowej w dopełniaczu, drugie w postaci zdaniowej. O ile istnienie czasowników z dopełnieniem zdaniowym i frazą rzeczownikową w celowniku lub bierniku jest bezsporne, o tyle wspomniany wyżej typ z dopełniaczem nigdy nie był w literaturze omawiany, choć na jego istnienie wyraźnie wskazuje klasyfikacja czasowników, jaką podaje Mitchell (1985: § 1090). Artykuł przedstawia dane dotyczące rekcji czasowników staroangielskich, wskazujące wyraźnie, że typ taki w języku nie występował.
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    Parallax: Looking at the Medieval through the Modern Lens
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The objective of the paper was to articulate the gap between the medieval manuscript and its modern editions. It emphasises the need to study medieval texts in their natural context, i.e. against the manuscript codex as only then do they speak in full voice. While the usefulness of electronic editions is indisputable, a linguist working with a modern edition of a medieval text must be aware of how far it departs from the text it intends to represent. Therefore, wherever possible, it is advisable to examine manuscript scans which are now widely accessible on internet sites of the libraries housing manuscript resources. It is of paramount importance not only as a way of verifying corpus examinations but also because manuscript examinations complement the findings based on electronic data by offering invaluable clues encoded in the materiality of the manuscript. This postulate is relevant both for historical linguistic analyses and translation studies, and is equally valid for literary studies.
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    Perfectly Imperfect - The Scottish Psalter of 1564
    (2017) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The return to the original languages of the Bible was one of the key tenets of the Protestant reform and the embodiment of the Renaissance cry ad fontes. The circumvention of the Septuagint and the Vulgate was, therefore, not an expression of hostility towards Rome but an articulation of the desire for the fidelity of the text; hence the emergence of a plethora of new Latin translations of the original Hebrew Psalter. The Scottish metrical Psalter of 1564, which is going to be the focus of this paper, however, was not based on the Hebrew source but either on its fresh Latin renditions or, most frequently, on German and French versifications. In addition to that, the incipient text was adapted to the pre-set tunes associated with individual Psalms. Consequently, the requirements of rhythm and rhyme – both these obtaining in English and those which had influenced the German and French versified Psalms – were prioritised over the fidelity of the rendition. In spite of that, the Scottish Kirk accorded it the status of the liturgical text, and members of the Congregation immediately embraced it, taking the psalms from the churches to their homes and meeting places, so psalm singing became a ubiquitous activity. At the same time, the text of the Scottish Psalter was felt to be imperfect and several attempts at improving it were undertaken, but the ministers demurred. The paper sets out to explain the popularity the Scottish Psalter enjoyed despite its manifold imperfections.
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    Principles of Equivalent Selection in English Prose Translations of Jerome’s Psalters: A Study Based on exaudire and videre
    (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2013) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena; Wójcik, Jerzy
    The paper examines the equivalents of the Latin verbs exaudire and videre in prose translations of Jerome’s Psalters executed between Old and Early Modern English. The objective of the paper is to establish the principle of equivalent selection in the analysed texts. The study revealed that exaudire and videre were translated in OE, ME and EMnE by their prototypical equivalents but the prototypes changed due to language internal factors: from prefixed ge-verbs (ge-hȳran and ge-sēon ) to their simplex equivalents (hēren > hear and sēn > see). Next, it was established that while the equivalents of exaudire represented a stable pattern: ge-hȳran > hēren > hear, the equivalents of videre tended to exhibit some variation. The variation, however, was recorded in one translation only – in the Paris Psalter. These differences stem from two factors. The first of them is language internal and follows from the universally recorded property of the verb see, which tends to develop metaphorical meanings, as opposed to hear, which does not exhibit the same tendency. The second factor is language external and is a consequence of the dominant theory of biblical translation, which was based on the principle that every word of the text was sacred. As a result, biblical translations generally reflected the original very closely. The only text which exhibits dynamic correspondences is the Old English Paris Psalter, which focuses on the clarity of the message not on the closeness of the rendering. The remaining translations are characterised by extreme reverence to the sacred nature of the text in all its layers, which results in the static equivalent selection.
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    Przeszłość, teraźniejszość i przyszłość KUL z perspektywy jednostki
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2018) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
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    Similarity Measurements in Tracing Textual Affinities: A study of Psalm 129 in 16th-century Devotional Manuals
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2022) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena; Wójcik, Jerzy
    The paper examines 30 instances of Psalm 129 in 16th-century English devotional manuals printed during the reign of the first three Tudor monarchs. The objective of the study is to detect relationships between the analysed texts and compare them to available Psalter translations to determine textual affinities. This is achieved by applying similarity measurements which can capture intertextual relations in mathematical terms. The obtained results are subsequently verified against the available textual and philological knowledge, which corroborates the similarity scores of individual texts. In the single instance where similarity scores seem to be defied by the information provided in the literature on the topic, textual analysis proves the applied method right. The examination presented in the paper shows that English devotional practices in the turbulent period when they were emerging were much more complex than the purely denominational differences between Catholics and Reformers (often misconceived from the present-day perspective) might suggest.
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    Text and Context in Jerome’s Psalters: Prose Translations into Old, Middle and Early Modern English
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2013) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    Rozprawa habilitacyjna poświęcona tłumaczeniom i cyrkulacji łacińskich Psałterzy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Anglii. Zawiera paralelną edycje wyselekcjonowanych w drodze badania angielskich tłumaczeń prozą oraz ich łacińskich oryginałów, dzięki czemu przedstawia obraz zmieniającego się języka angielskiego na przestrzeni 700 lat między okresem staroangielskim i wczesnowoangielskim. Dodatkowo praca przedstawia ciągłą glosę do staroangielskiego tłumaczenia Psałterza.
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    The Psalter over the water – a multidisciplinary account of originality
    (Polska Akademia Nauk, Oddział w Katowicach, 2019) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The paper deals with a little-known translation of the Vulgate Psalter which was published anonymously in 1700 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye by the printer of the exiled court of King James VII of Scotland and II of England. The paper argues in favour of the originality of the translation in the face of the claim expressed in the literature that it represents a revision of an earlier English rendition made from the Vulgate published in 1610 as part of the Douay-Rheims Bible. The adduced data draw from history, life writing studies and linguistics, thereby offering multidisciplinary evidence in favour of the originality of the rendition.
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    The Secrets of a Sixteenth-Century Psalter: In Praise of Circumstances
    (Lingwistyczna Szkoła Wyższa w Warszawie, 2014) Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena
    The paper deals with the first English Psalter which appeared in print. It was published in the turbulent times of the early Reformation in 1530. The article discusses the details of the publication: the authors of the Latin translation and its English rendition, the printer’s name and the place of the publication so carefully protected at the time of its production. It aims not only at presenting the genuine people and places hidden behind the fake information but also tries to uncover the motivations for the assumed pseudonyms.